The correct answer is: d) All of the above
The zamindari system was a land revenue system in India under which the state granted land to a landlord (zamindar) in return for a fixed annual payment. The zamindar was then responsible for collecting revenue from the peasants who worked the land.
The zamindari system was introduced in Punjab by the Mughals in the 16th century. It was continued by the Sikhs in the 18th century and by the British in the 19th century.
The zamindari system was abolished in India in 1950.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Mughal rule: The Mughals were a Muslim dynasty that ruled India from the 16th to the 18th centuries. They introduced the zamindari system in Punjab in the 16th century.
- Sikh rule: The Sikhs were a religious group that ruled Punjab in the 18th century. They continued the zamindari system that had been introduced by the Mughals.
- British rule: The British ruled India from the 18th to the 20th centuries. They continued the zamindari system that had been introduced by the Mughals and the Sikhs.
The zamindari system was a controversial system. Some people argued that it was a fair system because it gave the zamindars a stake in the land and encouraged them to invest in its improvement. Others argued that it was an unjust system because it allowed the zamindars to exploit the peasants.
The zamindari system was abolished in India in 1950. The abolition of the zamindari system was one of the major land reforms that were carried out after India’s independence.