The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Crop rotation is the practice of growing different types of crops in the same field in successive seasons. This helps to improve soil fertility by preventing the build-up of pests and diseases, and by replenishing nutrients in the soil. Organic farming is a type of agriculture that uses natural methods to improve soil fertility, such as composting, cover cropping, and crop rotation. Use of fertilizers and soil amendments can also help to improve soil fertility by adding nutrients and organic matter to the soil.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Crop rotation: Crop rotation is the practice of growing different types of crops in the same field in successive seasons. This helps to improve soil fertility by preventing the build-up of pests and diseases, and by replenishing nutrients in the soil. For example, a farmer might grow corn one year, soybeans the next year, and wheat the year after that. This rotation helps to prevent the build-up of pests and diseases that are specific to corn, soybeans, or wheat. It also helps to replenish nutrients in the soil that are used up by each crop.
- Organic farming: Organic farming is a type of agriculture that uses natural methods to improve soil fertility, such as composting, cover cropping, and crop rotation. Organic farming does not use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. Instead, it relies on natural methods to control pests and diseases, and to replenish nutrients in the soil. For example, an organic farmer might compost manure and plant cover crops to help improve soil fertility.
- Use of fertilizers and soil amendments: Use of fertilizers and soil amendments can also help to improve soil fertility by adding nutrients and organic matter to the soil. Fertilizers are substances that are added to soil to provide plants with the nutrients they need to grow. Soil amendments are substances that are added to soil to improve its physical properties, such as drainage and aeration. For example, a farmer might add compost or manure to the soil to improve its fertility.
In conclusion, all of the options listed in the question can help to improve soil fertility in Andhra Pradesh.