The correct answer is: Increasing urbanization.
The population of Tamil Nadu has been increasing steadily over the past few decades. In 2011, the population of Tamil Nadu was 72.1 million, and it is estimated to be 80.6 million in 2021. This growth is due to a number of factors, including a high birth rate, a low death rate, and migration from rural areas to urban areas.
The urbanization rate in Tamil Nadu is also increasing. In 2011, the urban population of Tamil Nadu was 37.8 million, and it is estimated to be 45.2 million in 2021. This growth is due to a number of factors, including the expansion of the service sector, the growth of small and medium enterprises, and the development of infrastructure in urban areas.
The increasing urbanization in Tamil Nadu has a number of implications. It has led to an increase in the demand for housing, transportation, and other infrastructure. It has also led to an increase in pollution and congestion. However, it has also led to economic growth and job creation.
The declining sex ratio in Tamil Nadu is a cause for concern. In 2011, the sex ratio in Tamil Nadu was 996 females per 1000 males. This is lower than the national average of 992 females per 1000 males. The declining sex ratio is due to a number of factors, including female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, and the preference for male children.
The increasing literacy rate in Tamil Nadu is a positive trend. In 2011, the literacy rate in Tamil Nadu was 80.09%. This is higher than the national average of 74.04%. The increasing literacy rate is due to a number of factors, including the expansion of education facilities, the introduction of free education, and the awareness of the importance of education.