The correct answer is: b) Malnutrition.
Food fortification is the process of adding essential vitamins and minerals to foods that are commonly eaten in order to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. This can help to address the problem of malnutrition, which is a condition that occurs when people do not get enough of the nutrients they need to be healthy.
Malnutrition can cause a variety of health problems, including stunted growth, impaired cognitive development, and increased risk of infection. It can also lead to death.
Food fortification is a safe and effective way to improve the nutritional status of people in both developed and developing countries. It is a cost-effective way to address the problem of malnutrition, and it can be implemented at a large scale.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Food spoilage is the deterioration of food quality due to the action of microorganisms, enzymes, or other factors. Food spoilage can lead to foodborne illness, but it is not a direct cause of malnutrition.
- Food price fluctuations are changes in the price of food over time. Food price fluctuations can make it difficult for people to afford nutritious food, but they are not a direct cause of malnutrition.
- Food adulteration is the addition of harmful or unnecessary substances to food. Food adulteration can make food unsafe to eat, but it is not a direct cause of malnutrition.