The correct answer is B. 1957.
Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and became the first human-made object to orbit the Earth. The satellite was a 585-kilogram (1,292 lb) polished metal sphere, 58 centimeters (23 in) in diameter, with four external radio antennas. It was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and orbited the Earth for 96.2 minutes before re-entering the atmosphere and burning up.
Sputnik 1’s launch was a major milestone in the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union. It demonstrated that the Soviet Union had the capability to launch satellites into orbit, and it shocked the world. The launch of Sputnik 1 also led to the creation of NASA in the United States.
The other options are incorrect. Option A, 1955, is incorrect because Sputnik 1 was not launched until 1957. Option C, 1967, is incorrect because Sputnik 1 was launched in 1957, and option D, 1970, is incorrect because Sputnik 1 was launched in 1957.