The correct answer is C. Both I & II.
The Bhakti movement was a devotional transformation of medieval Hindu society, wherein Vedic rituals or alternatively ascetic monk-like lifestyle for moksha gave way to individualistic loving relationship with a personally defined god. This movement provided women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities an inclusive path to spiritual salvation.
The Bhakti movement was a major religious movement that began in India in the 6th century CE. It was a reaction against the Brahmanical orthodoxy of the time, which emphasized ritual and caste. The Bhakti movement stressed the importance of devotion to a personal god, and it appealed to people from all walks of life, including women and members of the lower castes.
The Bhakti movement had a profound impact on Indian society. It helped to break down the barriers of caste and gender, and it promoted a more egalitarian view of religion. The Bhakti movement also played a role in the development of vernacular literature, as many of its texts were written in the languages of the common people.
The Bhakti movement is still an important force in Indian society today. It continues to attract followers from all walks of life, and it continues to promote the values of love, devotion, and equality.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Option I: The Bhakti movement was a devotional transformation of medieval Hindu society, wherein Vedic rituals or alternatively ascetic monk-like lifestyle for moksha gave way to individualistic loving relationship with a personally defined god.
This option is correct. The Bhakti movement was a reaction against the Brahmanical orthodoxy of the time, which emphasized ritual and caste. The Bhakti movement stressed the importance of devotion to a personal god, and it appealed to people from all walks of life, including women and members of the lower castes.
- Option II: Bhakti movement provided women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities an inclusive path to spiritual salvation.
This option is also correct. The Bhakti movement helped to break down the barriers of caste and gender, and it promoted a more egalitarian view of religion. The Bhakti movement also played a role in the development of vernacular literature, as many of its texts were written in the languages of the common people.
- Option III: Neither I nor II
This option is incorrect. Both options I and II are correct.