The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapor through their stomata, which are small pores on the underside of leaves. Transpiration is essential for plants because it helps to cool them and transport nutrients and minerals from the roots to the leaves. However, transpiration can also lead to water loss, which can be a problem for plants in dry environments.
To prevent loss of water, plants have a number of adaptations that reduce transpiration. One adaptation is to shed leaves. When leaves fall off, the plant loses less water through transpiration. Another adaptation is to reduce the size of leaves. Smaller leaves have a lower surface area, which means that they lose less water. Plants can also develop hair around their stomata. This hair helps to trap a layer of air next to the stomata, which reduces the amount of water vapor that can escape.
All of these adaptations help plants to reduce transpiration and prevent water loss.