The correct answer is D. Afghanistan.
Ghazni was a small principality in Afghanistan that was founded in the 10th century by the Ghaznavid dynasty. The Ghaznavids were a Muslim dynasty that ruled over much of Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They were known for their military prowess and their patronage of the arts.
The Ghaznavid dynasty was founded by Mahmud of Ghazni, who was a great military leader. He conquered much of Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, and he brought back many treasures from his conquests. He also built many mosques and schools in Ghazni.
The Ghaznavid dynasty declined in the 12th century, and it was eventually overthrown by the Seljuk Turks. However, the Ghaznavids left a lasting legacy on the region, and they are still remembered today for their military prowess and their patronage of the arts.
The other options are incorrect. Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia. Turkey is a country in Western Asia and Southeastern Europe. Persia is an historical region that is now mostly part of Iran.