The correct answer is D. Alteration and destruction of the natural habitats.
Habitat loss is the leading cause of extinction in the world today. It is estimated that over 50% of all plant and animal species on Earth are threatened or endangered due to habitat loss. Habitat loss can be caused by a number of factors, including deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture.
Deforestation is the clearing of forests for other uses, such as agriculture, logging, or development. Deforestation is a major cause of habitat loss, as it destroys the homes of many plants and animals.
Urbanization is the growth of cities and towns. Urbanization can also lead to habitat loss, as cities and towns expand into areas that were once used for agriculture or forests.
Agriculture is the practice of growing crops and raising livestock. Agriculture can also lead to habitat loss, as land is cleared for crops and livestock.
In addition to habitat loss, other human activities can also contribute to extinction. These activities include hunting, pollution, and the introduction of alien species.
Hunting is the killing of animals for food, fur, or other products. Hunting can lead to extinction if it is not managed properly.
Pollution is the contamination of the environment with harmful substances. Pollution can harm plants and animals, and can make their habitats uninhabitable.
The introduction of alien species is the release of non-native plants or animals into an environment. Alien species can outcompete native species for food and resources, and can even prey on native species.
All of these human activities can contribute to extinction. However, habitat loss is the leading cause of extinction in the world today.