The correct answer is C. sulphonates.
Detergents are anionic surfactants, which means that they have a negatively charged end and a positively charged end. The negatively charged end of the detergent molecule attaches to the dirt and oil on the surface of the clothes or utensils, while the positively charged end attaches to the water molecules. This causes the dirt and oil to be suspended in the water, so that they can be rinsed away.
Sulfonates are a type of anionic surfactant that is commonly used in detergents. They are effective at removing dirt and oil, and they are also relatively inexpensive. However, they can be harmful to the environment if they are not properly disposed of.
Nitrates are a type of salt that is found in nature. They are not typically used in detergents, as they can be harmful to the environment.
Bicarbonates are a type of salt that is also found in nature. They are sometimes used in detergents, as they can help to soften water. However, they are not as effective at removing dirt and oil as sulfonates.
Bismuthates are a type of salt that is not typically used in detergents. They are not as effective at removing dirt and oil as sulfonates, and they can be harmful to the environment.