The correct answer is: A. tropospheric ozone.
Ozone is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms. It is found in three layers of the atmosphere: the troposphere, the stratosphere, and the mesosphere.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth’s surface to about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles). It is where most of the Earth’s weather occurs. Tropospheric ozone is created when ultraviolet radiation from the sun splits oxygen molecules into two oxygen atoms. These oxygen atoms then combine with oxygen molecules in the air to form ozone.
The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere, extending from about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) to about 50 kilometers (31 miles). It is where the ozone layer is located. The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere that contains high concentrations of ozone. The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which helps to protect life on Earth from the harmful effects of this radiation.
The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere, extending from about 50 kilometers (31 miles) to about 80 kilometers (50 miles). It is the coldest layer of the atmosphere.
Increased surface UV leads to increased tropospheric ozone. This is because the increased UV radiation splits more oxygen molecules into two oxygen atoms, which then combine with oxygen molecules in the air to form ozone.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Stratospheric ozone is not affected by increased surface UV.
- Lonospheric ozone is not found in the atmosphere.
- Exospheric ozone is found in the outermost layer of the atmosphere, and is not affected by surface UV.