In D.C. machines fractional pitch winding is used

To improve cooling
To reduce copper losses
machines fractional pitch winding is used A. To improve cooling B. To reduce copper losses C. To increase the generated e.m.f.
To reduce the sparking

The correct answer is: C. To increase the generated e.m.f.

Fractional pitch winding is a type of winding used in DC machines to increase the generated e.m.f. It is done by winding the coils at a fractional part of the pole pitch. This results in a longer path for the magnetic flux to travel, which in turn increases the induced e.m.f.

The other options are incorrect because:

  • Option A is incorrect because fractional pitch winding does not improve cooling. In fact, it can make cooling more difficult because the coils are closer together.
  • Option B is incorrect because fractional pitch winding does not reduce copper losses. In fact, it can increase copper losses because the coils are longer.
  • Option D is incorrect because fractional pitch winding does not reduce sparking. In fact, it can make sparking more likely because the coils are closer together.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.