Cloud computing is a . . . . . . . . system and it is necessarily unidirectional in nature.

stateless
stateful
reliable
all of the mentioned

The correct answer is: D. all of the mentioned

Cloud computing is a stateless system, which means that it does not store any state information about the user or their session. This makes it possible for multiple users to access the same resources without interfering with each other.

Cloud computing is also a stateful system, which means that it maintains state information about the user and their session. This allows the system to provide a consistent experience for the user, even if they are accessing the system from different devices or locations.

Cloud computing is also a reliable system, which means that it is designed to be available and accessible to users at all times. This is achieved through a combination of redundancy, load balancing, and failover mechanisms.

In conclusion, cloud computing is a stateless, stateful, and reliable system. These properties make it an ideal platform for a wide range of applications.


Stateless

A stateless system is one that does not store any state information about the user or their session. This makes it possible for multiple users to access the same resources without interfering with each other.

For example, a stateless web server would not store any information about the user’s previous requests. This means that if the user refreshes the page, they will see the same content as they did the first time.

Stateless systems are often used in web applications, where it is important to be able to handle a large number of concurrent users.


Stateful

A stateful system is one that maintains state information about the user or their session. This allows the system to provide a consistent experience for the user, even if they are accessing the system from different devices or locations.

For example, a stateful web server would store information about the user’s previous requests. This means that if the user refreshes the page, they will see the same content as they did the first time, even if they have logged out and back in in the meantime.

Stateful systems are often used in applications where it is important to maintain the user’s context, such as e-commerce applications or online banking applications.


Reliable

A reliable system is one that is designed to be available and accessible to users at all times. This is achieved through a combination of redundancy, load balancing, and failover mechanisms.

Redundancy is the duplication of critical components or systems so that if one fails, the other can take over. Load balancing is the distribution of traffic across multiple servers so that no one server is overloaded. Failover is the automatic switching to a backup system in the event of a failure.

Reliable systems are essential for applications that must be available 24/7, such as online banking or e-commerce applications.