The correct answer is A. Agro forestry.
Agroforestry is a land-use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland. The purpose of agroforestry is to create a more sustainable agricultural system by combining the benefits of trees and crops.
Trees provide a number of benefits to agricultural systems, including:
- Soil improvement: Trees help to improve soil fertility by adding organic matter and nutrients. They also help to improve soil structure by breaking up compacted soil and providing aeration.
- Water conservation: Trees help to conserve water by reducing evaporation and transpiration. They also help to improve water infiltration by creating a more porous soil.
- Pest control: Trees can help to control pests by providing habitat for beneficial insects and birds. They can also help to repel pests by producing chemicals that are toxic to pests.
- Windbreaks: Trees can help to protect crops from wind damage. They can also help to reduce erosion by breaking up the wind.
- Shade: Trees can provide shade for crops, which can help to reduce water loss and improve crop yields.
Deforestation is the clearing of forests for other uses, such as agriculture, development, or logging. Deforestation can have a number of negative environmental impacts, including:
- Soil erosion: When forests are cleared, the soil is exposed to wind and rain, which can cause it to erode.
- Loss of biodiversity: Forests are home to a wide variety of plants and animals. When forests are cleared, these plants and animals lose their habitat and may become extinct.
- Climate change: Deforestation contributes to climate change by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
- Water pollution: Deforestation can lead to water pollution when soil erosion carries sediment and chemicals into waterways.
Reforestation is the process of planting trees in an area where forests have been cleared. Reforestation can help to restore the environmental benefits that forests provide, such as soil conservation, water conservation, and climate regulation.
Combined culture is a type of agriculture in which two or more crops are grown together. Combined culture can be used to improve crop yields, reduce pests and diseases, and improve soil health.
In conclusion, the correct answer is A. Agro forestry. Agroforestry is a land-use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland. The purpose of agroforestry is to create a more sustainable agricultural system by combining the benefits of trees and crops.