The correct answer is: D. Aristotle.
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, esthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, meteorology, geology and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion.
The quote “Man without society is either a beast or a God” is from Aristotle’s Politics. In this work, Aristotle argues that humans are naturally social creatures and that we need society in order to develop our full potential. He writes: “Man is by nature a political animal. And he who by nature and not by mere accident is without a state, is either a bad man or above humanity.”
Aristotle’s view of human nature is based on his understanding of the human soul. He argues that the human soul has three parts: the vegetative soul, the animal soul, and the rational soul. The vegetative soul is responsible for basic life functions such as nutrition and reproduction. The animal soul is responsible for sensation and emotion. The rational soul is responsible for thought and action.
Aristotle argues that the rational soul is the highest part of the human soul and that it is what makes us human. He writes: “The rational element is the best part of us and the one that is most truly our own.”
Aristotle also argues that the rational soul can only develop fully in society. He writes: “The state is a natural growth out of the family and the village, and exists for the sake of the good life.”
In other words, Aristotle believes that we need society in order to develop our full potential as human beings. He argues that the rational soul can only develop fully in society, and that we are naturally social creatures.
The other options are incorrect because they do not reflect Aristotle’s view of human nature. Plato, Gandhi, and Tolstoy were all philosophers who had different views of human nature. Plato believed that humans are born with innate knowledge, Gandhi believed that humans are inherently good, and Tolstoy believed that humans are capable of great good and great evil.
Aristotle’s view of human nature is unique in that he believes that humans are naturally social creatures and that we need society in order to develop our full potential.