The correct answer is D.
A p-value is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, what was observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
A measure of central tendency is a value that represents the center of a data set. The most common measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode.
A measure of data spread is a value that describes how spread out the data are. The most common measures of data spread are the range, interquartile range, and standard deviation.
A confidence interval is an interval of values that is likely to contain the true value of a population parameter.
In statistical hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is the hypothesis that there is no difference between the two groups being compared. The alternative hypothesis is the hypothesis that there is a difference between the two groups being compared. The p-value is used to determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is less than or equal to the significance level, then the null hypothesis is rejected. This means that there is evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.