The correct answer is C. Copernicus.
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center. This heliocentric model overturned the geocentric model that had been in place for centuries. Copernicus’s work was published in 1543, just a year before his death.
Newton, Dalton, and Einstein were all important scientists, but they did not discover that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who is considered one of the most influential scientists of all time. He is best known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation. Dalton was an English chemist who is considered the founder of modern atomic theory. Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).
Copernicus’s heliocentric model was based on his observations of the planets and the Sun. He noticed that the planets appeared to move in a way that was not consistent with the geocentric model. He also noticed that the Sun did not appear to move at all, but that the Earth appeared to move around it. Based on these observations, Copernicus concluded that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
Copernicus’s heliocentric model was met with much opposition from the Catholic Church, which at the time held that the Earth was the center of the universe. However, Copernicus’s work eventually gained acceptance among scientists, and it is now considered one of the most important discoveries in the history of science.