The correct answer is: C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a 14th-century Turkic ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty who ruled over the Delhi Sultanate. He was a brilliant military strategist and administrator, but he was also known for his eccentricity and cruelty. He was a patron of the arts and sciences, and he established several universities and libraries. He was also a scholar himself, and he was well-versed in various branches of learning, including astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.
Sikandar Lodi was a 16th-century Afghan ruler who founded the Lodi dynasty. He was a successful military commander, and he expanded the Lodi Empire to include much of northern India. He was also a patron of the arts and sciences, and he built several mosques and tombs.
Iltutmish was a 13th-century Turkic ruler who founded the Delhi Sultanate. He was a successful military commander, and he expanded the Delhi Sultanate to include much of northern India. He was also a patron of the arts and sciences, and he built several mosques and tombs.
Alauddin Khalji was a 13th-century Turkic ruler who ruled over the Delhi Sultanate. He was a successful military commander, and he expanded the Delhi Sultanate to include much of northern India. He was also a patron of the arts and sciences, and he built several mosques and tombs.
However, among these four rulers, Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the most learned. He was a scholar himself, and he was well-versed in various branches of learning, including astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.