The correct answer is: A. climatology
Climatology is the scientific study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. Climate is the average of weather over time. Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get.
Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere. It is a branch of atmospheric science which deals with the dynamics of the atmosphere and the ways in which it affects the Earth. Meteorology is a major component of the Earth system science and a planet Earth science.
Cyclogenesis is the process of cyclone formation. Cyclones are large, rotating storms that form over warm ocean waters. They are known by different names in different parts of the world, such as hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones.
None of the above is the correct answer.