The correct answer is: D. All of the above
Joachim Frank, Jacques Dubochet, and Richard Henderson were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2017 “for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution.”
Joachim Frank is a German-American biophysicist. He was born in 1940 in Stuttgart, Germany. He studied physics at the University of Stuttgart, where he received his Ph.D. in 1966. After postdoctoral work at the University of California, San Francisco, he joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, in 1970. He is currently a professor of biophysics at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel.
Jacques Dubochet is a Swiss biophysicist. He was born in 1942 in Geneva, Switzerland. He studied physics at the University of Geneva, where he received his Ph.D. in 1973. After postdoctoral work at the University of California, Berkeley, he joined the faculty of the University of Lausanne in 1978. He is currently a professor of biophysics at the University of Lausanne.
Richard Henderson is a British biophysicist. He was born in 1945 in Dundee, Scotland. He studied physics at the University of Cambridge, where he received his Ph.D. in 1973. After postdoctoral work at the University of California, San Francisco, he joined the faculty of the University of Oxford in 1978. He is currently a professor of structural biology at the University of Oxford.
Cryo-electron microscopy is a technique that uses electrons to image biological molecules at high resolution. It is a powerful tool for studying the structure of proteins and other biomolecules in their native state. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to Joachim Frank, Jacques Dubochet, and Richard Henderson for their development of cryo-electron microscopy.