The correct answer is D. Habitat destruction.
Habitat destruction is the primary cause of biodiversity loss. It is the process of converting natural habitats into other uses, such as agriculture, urban development, or mining. This can lead to the loss of habitat for many species, as well as the fragmentation of habitats, which can make it difficult for species to move around and find mates.
Habitat destruction can also lead to the extinction of species. When a species loses its habitat, it may not be able to find food or shelter, and it may also be more vulnerable to predators. As a result, the population of the species may decline, and it may eventually go extinct.
Habitat destruction is a major problem that is having a significant impact on biodiversity. It is important to take steps to protect habitats and prevent further destruction.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Habitat pollution: Habitat pollution is the contamination of a natural habitat with harmful substances. This can be caused by human activities, such as industrial pollution or the use of pesticides. Habitat pollution can kill or injure animals, and it can also make it difficult for them to find food or shelter.
- Introduction of exotic species: The introduction of exotic species is the release of non-native species into an environment where they do not naturally occur. This can have a negative impact on biodiversity, as exotic species can compete with native species for food and resources, and they can also prey on native species.
- Over-exploitation: Over-exploitation is the use of a resource at a rate that is greater than the rate at which it can be replenished. This can lead to the depletion of the resource, and it can also have a negative impact on the species that rely on the resource.
It is important to note that all of these factors can contribute to biodiversity loss. However, habitat destruction is the primary cause of biodiversity loss.