The correct answer is D. standard deviation.
The standard deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are in a data set. It is calculated by taking the square root of the variance. The variance is a measure of how much variation there is from the mean.
The standard deviation is often used to measure the risk of an investment or the uncertainty of a prediction. It is also used to compare the variability of two or more data sets.
A. Empirical is not a measure of variability. It is a measure of the likelihood that a hypothesis is true.
B. Mean is the average of a data set. It is not a measure of variability.
C. Continuous is a type of data. It is not a measure of variability.