The correct answer is (a).
A quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present in a legislative body for it to conduct business. In the Parliament of India, a quorum is one-tenth of the total number of members of the House. This means that for a meeting of the Lok Sabha to be valid, at least 543 members must be present. For a meeting of the Rajya Sabha to be valid, at least 245 members must be present.
The quorum requirement is designed to ensure that the legislative body is able to function effectively. If too few members are present, it may be difficult to reach a quorum and the body may be unable to take any action.
The quorum requirement is also designed to prevent the legislative body from being hijacked by a small group of members. If a small group of members were able to control the legislative body, they could pass laws that would not be in the best interests of the majority of the people.
The quorum requirement is an important safeguard in the Indian parliamentary system. It helps to ensure that the legislative body is able to function effectively and that it is not controlled by a small group of members.
Option (b) is incorrect because it refers to the majority party, not the total number of members of the House. The majority party is the party with the most seats in the House. The quorum requirement is not based on the number of seats held by each party, but on the total number of members of the House.
Option (c) is incorrect because it refers to one-fifth of the members of the House, not one-tenth. The quorum requirement is one-tenth of the total number of members of the House, not one-fifth.
Option (d) is incorrect because it refers to one-tenth of the present members of the House, not the total number of members. The quorum requirement is based on the total number of members of the House, not the number of members who are present at a particular meeting.