The time taken by the machine to attain 0.632 of its final steady temperature rise is called

heating time constant
cooling time constant
either (A) or (B)
none of the above

The correct answer is A. heating time constant.

The heating time constant is the time it takes for a system to reach 63.2% of its final steady-state temperature after being switched on. It is a measure of how quickly a system responds to changes in temperature.

The cooling time constant is the time it takes for a system to reach 63.2% of its final steady-state temperature after being switched off. It is a measure of how quickly a system loses heat.

The heating time constant is always greater than the cooling time constant. This is because it takes more energy to heat up a system than it does to cool it down.

The heating time constant is a useful parameter for designing and controlling systems that are sensitive to changes in temperature. For example, it can be used to calculate the time it takes for a room to warm up after the heating is turned on, or the time it takes for a refrigerator to cool down after the door is opened.