The correct answer is: D. All of the above
A temperature inversion is a layer of Earth’s atmosphere where temperature increases with height. This is opposite to the normal situation, where temperature decreases with height. Temperature inversions can occur in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) or the upper atmosphere (stratosphere).
Temperature inversions can be caused by a number of factors, including:
- Subsidence: When air sinks, it warms. This can cause a temperature inversion if the sinking air is not mixed with the surrounding air.
- Advection: When warm air moves over cold air, the warm air can form a layer on top of the cold air. This can cause a temperature inversion.
- Radiation: At night, the Earth’s surface cools by radiating heat into space. This can cause a temperature inversion if the air near the surface is cooler than the air above it.
Temperature inversions can have a number of effects, including:
- Reduced visibility: Temperature inversions can trap pollutants near the ground, which can reduce visibility.
- Smog: Temperature inversions can also trap water vapor near the ground, which can lead to the formation of smog.
- Heat waves: Temperature inversions can trap heat near the ground, which can lead to heat waves.
Temperature inversions can be dangerous, as they can trap pollutants and lead to heat waves. It is important to be aware of the potential dangers of temperature inversions and to take precautions to protect yourself and your family.