The correct answer is: B. Jacquard
Punched cards were first used in the 1800s by Joseph-Marie Jacquard to control the patterns woven on a loom. He invented a loom that could be programmed by punched cards, which allowed for the production of complex patterns that would have been impossible to weave by hand.
Hollerith later adapted Jacquard’s punched cards for use in tabulating machines, which were used to tabulate data for the 1890 U.S. Census. Hollerith’s company, the Tabulating Machine Company, later merged with other companies to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), which was renamed IBM in 1924.
Pascal and Leibniz were both mathematicians and philosophers who developed early calculating machines. However, they did not use punched cards in their machines.
Therefore, the correct answer is: B. Jacquard