The answer to the question “Moon : Satellite :: Earth : ?” is “Planet”.
A satellite is a celestial body that orbits another larger celestial body. The Moon is a satellite of Earth. Earth is a planet. A planet is a large celestial body that orbits the Sun and is massive enough for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape.
The Sun is a star, not a planet. A star is a large ball of hot gas that emits light and heat. The Solar System is the system of planets and other objects that orbit the Sun. Asteroids are small, rocky bodies that orbit the Sun.
In conclusion, the answer to the question “Moon : Satellite :: Earth : ?” is “Planet”.