The correct answer is C. Validity.
Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. A valid test will accurately measure the skills or knowledge that it is designed to measure. For example, a test of math skills should accurately measure a person’s ability to do math, not their ability to read or write.
Reliability is the consistency of a test. A reliable test will produce similar results each time it is administered. For example, if you take a math test twice, you should get similar scores on both tests.
Testing is the process of administering a test. Testing can be used to assess a person’s skills, knowledge, or abilities. It can also be used to make decisions about hiring, promotion, or placement.
Organizational constraints are factors within an organization that can limit the effectiveness of a test or selection procedure. For example, an organization may have a limited budget for testing, or it may not have the resources to administer a test to all employees.
In conclusion, validity is the most important factor in determining the effectiveness of a test or selection procedure. A valid test will accurately measure the skills or knowledge that it is designed to measure.