The correct answer is: A. Job analysis.
Job analysis is a detailed and systematic study of jobs to know the nature and characteristics of the work involved and the human requirements necessary to perform the work. It is a process of gathering information about jobs to understand the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that make up the job, as well as the skills, knowledge, and abilities required to perform the job.
Job analysis is used for a variety of purposes, including:
- Job design: Job analysis information can be used to design jobs that are safe, efficient, and effective.
- Job evaluation: Job analysis information can be used to evaluate jobs and determine their relative worth.
- Human resource planning: Job analysis information can be used to identify the skills and abilities that are needed to fill current and future job openings.
- Training and development: Job analysis information can be used to develop training programs that will help employees learn the skills and abilities they need to perform their jobs.
- Performance appraisal: Job analysis information can be used to develop performance appraisal criteria and to evaluate employee performance.
Job analysis can be conducted in a variety of ways, including interviews, surveys, observations, and document reviews. The specific methods used will vary depending on the purpose of the job analysis and the resources available.
Job analysis is an important tool for human resource management. It provides information that can be used to make a variety of decisions about jobs, employees, and organizations.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Job description: A job description is a written statement that describes the duties, responsibilities, and working conditions of a job. It is typically used to inform job applicants about the job and to help managers select the best candidates for the job.
- Job enrichment: Job enrichment is a process of increasing the level of challenge and responsibility in a job. It is designed to make jobs more interesting and motivating for employees.
- Job evaluation: Job evaluation is a process of determining the relative worth of jobs within an organization. It is used to establish pay rates and to ensure that employees are paid fairly for their work.