The correct answer is D. Both contractual and statutory.
A company secretary is a senior officer of a company who is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with all relevant laws and regulations. They also have a number of other duties, such as maintaining the company’s records and ensuring that its meetings are properly conducted.
A company secretary’s liability can arise in a number of ways. They may be liable to the company for breach of contract, for example if they fail to carry out their duties properly. They may also be liable to third parties, for example if they make a negligent statement that causes loss to another person.
In addition, a company secretary may be liable to criminal prosecution if they breach any of the laws that apply to companies.
Therefore, a company secretary has both contractual and statutory liability.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Option A: Contractual only. This option is incorrect because a company secretary can also be liable to third parties, for example if they make a negligent statement that causes loss to another person.
- Option B: Statutory only. This option is incorrect because a company secretary can also be liable to the company for breach of contract, for example if they fail to carry out their duties properly.
- Option C: Civil only. This option is incorrect because a company secretary can also be liable to criminal prosecution if they breach any of the laws that apply to companies.
- Option D: Both contractual and statutory. This option is correct because a company secretary has both contractual and statutory liability.