The correct answer is: A. departmentation by function.
Departmentation by function is a type of organizational structure in which departments are created based on the different functions that need to be performed in order to achieve the organization’s goals. For example, a bank might have departments for lending, deposit-taking, and investment banking.
Departmentation by products is a type of organizational structure in which departments are created based on the different products or services that the organization offers. For example, an insurance company might have departments for life insurance, property insurance, and casualty insurance.
Departmentation by territory is a type of organizational structure in which departments are created based on the different geographic areas that the organization serves. For example, a distribution agency might have departments for the eastern region, the western region, and the central region.
Departmentation by customers is a type of organizational structure in which departments are created based on the different types of customers that the organization serves. For example, a bank might have departments for retail customers, commercial customers, and institutional customers.
In conclusion, banks, insurance companies, and distribution agencies are examples of departmentation by function because they are organized into departments based on the different functions that need to be performed in order to achieve their goals.