The correct answer is (a) 2008.
The National Green Tribunal Act was passed by the Parliament of India on 2nd October 2006 and came into force on 18th October 2007. The Act provides for the establishment of a National Green Tribunal for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
The Tribunal has jurisdiction to hear and decide cases involving environmental issues, such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, hazardous waste management, and deforestation. It also has the power to issue directions to the Central Government, State Governments, and other authorities for the prevention, control, and abatement of environmental pollution.
The Tribunal is composed of a Chairperson and two Judicial Members, who are appointed by the President of India. The Chairperson and Judicial Members must be persons who are qualified to be appointed as Judges of the High Court. The Tribunal also has a Technical Member, who is appointed by the Central Government. The Technical Member must be a person who has special knowledge or experience in environmental matters.
The Tribunal has its headquarters in New Delhi and has benches in Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Pune. The Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body and its decisions are binding on the Central Government, State Governments, and other authorities.
The National Green Tribunal Act is a landmark legislation that has been instrumental in protecting the environment in India. The Tribunal has played a vital role in resolving environmental disputes and ensuring that the polluter pays. The Act has also helped to raise awareness about environmental issues and has made people more conscious of their responsibility to protect the environment.
The other options are incorrect because the National Green Tribunal Act was not passed in those years.