The correct answer is (a). Lord Ripon.
The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant. The INC was a political organization that aimed to represent the interests of Indians under British rule. The INC’s first president was Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.
Lord Ripon was the Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884. He was a liberal politician who believed in the need for reform in India. He introduced a number of reforms, including the Indian Councils Act of 1883, which increased the number of elected Indian members in the legislative councils.
The Indian National Congress was established during Lord Ripon’s viceroyalty. The INC was a product of the growing Indian nationalist movement. The INC’s founders believed that the British government should give Indians a greater say in their own affairs. The INC’s early demands included increased representation for Indians in the legislative councils, greater freedom of speech and association, and the introduction of English education.
The INC played a major role in the Indian independence movement. The INC’s leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, led the struggle for Indian independence from British rule. The INC was also the main political party in India after independence.
Lord Lytton was the Viceroy of India from 1876 to 1880. He was a conservative politician who believed in the need for firm rule in India. He introduced a number of repressive measures, including the Vernacular Press Act of 1878, which restricted the freedom of the press.
Lord Elgin II was the Viceroy of India from 1862 to 1863. He was a liberal politician who believed in the need for reform in India. He introduced a number of reforms, including the Indian Councils Act of 1861, which increased the number of Indian members in the legislative councils.
Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888. He was a conservative politician who believed in the need for firm rule in India. He introduced a number of repressive measures, including the Arms Act of 1885, which restricted the possession of firearms by Indians.