The correct answer is (b).
In the case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, the Supreme Court of India held that the Preamble to the Constitution of India is the basic structure of the Constitution. The Court held that the Preamble is not just a preface to the Constitution, but is an integral part of it and that any amendment to the Constitution that alters the basic structure of the Constitution is void.
The Court also held that the basic structure of the Constitution includes the following:
- Sovereignty of India
- Unity and integrity of India
- Republican and democratic form of government
- Secular character of the State
- Justice, social, economic and political
- Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
- Equality of status and opportunity
- Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity of the nation
The Court further held that the basic structure of the Constitution is not static and can be amended, but only in a limited way. The Court held that the basic structure of the Constitution is not a rigid concept and can be amended to meet the changing needs of the society, but any amendment that alters the basic structure of the Constitution is void.
The decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala is a landmark decision and has had a significant impact on the Indian legal system. The decision has helped to protect the basic structure of the Constitution and has ensured that the Constitution remains a living document that can be amended to meet the changing needs of the society.
The other options are incorrect because they are not the cases in which the Supreme Court held that the Preamble is the basic structure of the Constitution.