The correct answer is (b), 1961 – 1971.
The population growth rate in India was highest in the decade 1961-1971, at 2.2%. This was due to a number of factors, including a decline in mortality rates, an increase in fertility rates, and a decrease in the age at marriage.
The decline in mortality rates was due to a number of factors, including improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition. The increase in fertility rates was due to a number of factors, including the decline in the cost of raising children, the increase in the status of women, and the government’s pro-natalist policies. The decrease in the age at marriage was due to a number of factors, including the increase in education levels, the increase in urbanization, and the decline in the cost of living.
The high population growth rate in India in the 1960s had a number of negative consequences, including a strain on natural resources, an increase in poverty, and an increase in environmental degradation.
In the 1970s, the government of India took a number of measures to address the problem of population growth, including the introduction of a family planning program. These measures helped to reduce the population growth rate in India, but it remains a significant problem.
The population of India is currently over 1.3 billion people, and it is expected to reach 1.5 billion by 2030. This rapid population growth is putting a strain on India’s resources and infrastructure, and it is a major challenge for the government.