The correct answer is C. both (a) and (b).
A data base is a collection of data that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. A model base is a collection of models that can be used to simulate the behavior of a system. Both data bases and model bases are important parts of a system design, but they do not provide an opportunity for system design controls.
System design controls are mechanisms that are used to ensure that a system meets its requirements. They can be implemented in the form of policies, procedures, or tools. Some examples of system design controls include:
- Requirements management: This involves ensuring that the system requirements are complete, consistent, and feasible.
- Configuration management: This involves tracking changes to the system and ensuring that they are properly documented.
- Testing: This involves verifying that the system meets its requirements.
- Quality assurance: This involves ensuring that the system is developed and maintained in a quality manner.
Data bases and model bases can be used to support system design controls, but they are not themselves controls.