The correct answer is (d) R. Dahrendorf.
Ralf Dahrendorf (1929-2009) was a German-British sociologist and political scientist. He is best known for his work on social stratification and conflict theory. His book “Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society” (1959) is considered a classic work in the field of sociology.
In the book, Dahrendorf argues that class conflict is a fundamental feature of all societies. He defines a class as a group of people who share a common position in the social hierarchy. Class conflict arises when there is a difference in power between different classes. This difference in power can be based on economic factors, such as ownership of property, or on social factors, such as education or occupation.
Dahrendorf argues that class conflict is not always violent. It can also take the form of peaceful protests, strikes, and other forms of social unrest. He believes that class conflict is a necessary part of social change. It is through class conflict that societies can move towards greater equality and justice.
The other options are incorrect.
(a) E. Durkheim was a French sociologist who is best known for his work on social solidarity.
(b) M. Foucault was a French philosopher who is best known for his work on social control.
(c) D. Bell was an American sociologist who is best known for his work on post-industrial society.