The correct answer is: All of the above.
File management systems are used to store and organize data on a computer. They provide a way for users to create, open, close, and delete files, as well as to manage file permissions.
However, file management systems can have a number of serious problems. One problem is that they can be difficult to update. This is because file management systems are often complex and have many different components. As a result, it can be difficult to make changes to a file management system without breaking something else.
Another problem with file management systems is that they can lack data independence. This means that the data stored in a file management system is often tied to the specific file management system that is being used. As a result, it can be difficult to move data from one file management system to another.
File management systems can also suffer from data redundancy. This means that the same data is stored in multiple places in the file management system. This can waste space and make it difficult to keep the data up-to-date.
Finally, file management systems can be program dependent. This means that the programs that access the data in a file management system are often specific to that file management system. As a result, it can be difficult to use different programs with the same data.
All of these problems can make it difficult to use file management systems effectively. As a result, it is important to choose a file management system that is well-designed and that addresses these problems.
Here is a more detailed explanation of each of the options:
- A. difficult to update
File management systems can be difficult to update because they are often complex and have many different components. As a result, it can be difficult to make changes to a file management system without breaking something else.
For example, if you want to change the way that files are stored in a file management system, you may need to make changes to the file system itself, the file management software, and the applications that use the file management system. This can be a complex and time-consuming process.
- B. lack of data independence
Data independence means that the data stored in a file management system is not tied to the specific file management system that is being used. This means that the data can be easily moved from one file management system to another.
Data independence is important because it allows you to choose the file management system that best meets your needs without being locked into a particular system. It also makes it easier to back up and restore your data.
- C. data redundancy
Data redundancy means that the same data is stored in multiple places in the file management system. This can waste space and make it difficult to keep the data up-to-date.
For example, if you have a file that contains a list of customers, you may also have a separate file that contains the same list of customers. This is redundant data, and it wastes space on your hard drive.
It also makes it difficult to keep the data up-to-date. If you change the list of customers in one file, you need to remember to change it in the other file as well. If you forget to do this, you will have two different lists of customers, and your data will be inaccurate.
- D. program dependence
Program dependence means that the programs that access the data in a file management system are often specific to that file management system. As a result, it can be difficult to use different programs with the same data.
For example, if you have a file that contains a list of customers, you may need to use a specific program to access the data in the file. If you want to use a different program to access the data, you may need to convert the file to a format that the other program can understand.
This can be a time-consuming and error-prone process. It is also difficult to find programs that can access data from multiple file management systems.
- E. All of the above
All of the problems listed above can make it difficult to use file management systems effectively. As a result, it is important to choose a file management system that is well-designed and that addresses these problems.