In his landmark book Cybernetics, Norbert Wiener suggested a way of modeling scientific phenomena using not energy, but ___________ A. mathematics B. intelligence C. information D. history

The correct answer is: C. information.

In his landmark book

Cybernetics, Norbert Wiener suggested a way of modeling scientific phenomena using not energy, but information. He argued that information is the key to understanding how systems work, and that by studying the flow of information, we can gain insights into how to control and improve them.

Wiener’s ideas have had a profound impact on many fields, including computer science, engineering, and biology. They have also been used to develop new theories about how the human mind works.

Option A

is incorrect because mathematics is a tool that can be used to model scientific phenomena, but it is not the only tool that can be used.

Option B is incorrect because intelligence is a property of living systems, and Wiener was interested in modeling all types of systems, both living and non-living.

Option D is incorrect because history is a record of past events, and Wiener was interested in understanding how systems work in the present.