Which of the following is not a component of Bharat Nirman?

Agro-based industries
Rural electrification
Rural housing
Rural telephony

The correct answer is (a). Agro-based industries are not a component of Bharat Nirman.

Bharat Nirman is a flagship programme of the Government of India launched in 2005 with the objective of providing basic infrastructure to rural India. The programme covers eight core sectors: rural roads, rural housing, rural water supply, rural sanitation, rural electrification, rural telephony, irrigation, and livelihood enhancement.

Agro-based industries are not included in the list of core sectors of Bharat Nirman. This is because the programme is focused on providing basic infrastructure to rural India, and agro-based industries are not considered to be basic infrastructure.

However, agro-based industries are important for the rural economy, and the government has taken steps to promote them. For example, the government has set up a number of schemes to provide financial assistance to farmers who want to set up agro-based industries. The government has also set up a number of research and development institutions to help farmers improve their productivity and profitability.

Overall, agro-based industries are important for the rural economy, and the government has taken steps to promote them. However, agro-based industries are not included in the list of core sectors of Bharat Nirman.