The correct answer is (d) All of the above.
Indiscriminate use of fertilizers can lead to soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution.
Soil pollution occurs when fertilizers are applied in excess, or when they are not used properly. This can lead to the build-up of salts in the soil, which can make it difficult for plants to grow. It can also lead to the contamination of groundwater with nitrates, which can be harmful to human health.
Water pollution occurs when fertilizers run off into surface water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and streams. This can lead to the growth of algae blooms, which can deplete oxygen levels in the water and kill fish and other aquatic life. It can also contaminate drinking water supplies with nitrates and other pollutants.
Air pollution occurs when fertilizers are applied to fields and then blown away by the wind. This can release ammonia and other pollutants into the air, which can contribute to smog and acid rain.
It is important to use fertilizers carefully and responsibly to avoid these problems.