The correct answer is (a). The Vedic literature is a body of sacred texts that are considered to be the foundation of Hinduism. The four Vedas are the oldest and most important texts in the Vedic literature. They are:
- Rig Veda: The Rig Veda is the oldest Veda and is composed of hymns to the Vedic gods.
- Yajur Veda: The Yajur Veda is a collection of sacrificial formulas.
- Sama Veda: The Sama Veda is a collection of melodies used in Vedic rituals.
- Atharva Veda: The Atharva Veda is a collection of spells and incantations.
The Vedic Samhitas are the oldest layer of the Vedic literature and are composed of hymns, mantras, and prayers. The Brahmanas are the next layer of the Vedic literature and are commentaries on the Vedic Samhitas. The Aranyakas are the third layer of the Vedic literature and are philosophical texts that discuss the nature of reality. The Upanishads are the fourth and final layer of the Vedic literature and are mystical texts that discuss the nature of the soul and the universe.
The Vedic literature is a vast and complex body of texts that has had a profound influence on Indian culture and religion. It is a rich source of knowledge about the history, philosophy, and religion of India.