The correct answer is (a). A state is a community of persons permanently occupying a definite territory independent of external control and possessing an organized government.
A state is a political entity that has a defined territory and population, and a government that exercises sovereignty over that territory. The state is the highest form of political organization, and it is the primary actor in international relations.
The state has four main functions:
- To provide security for its citizens
- To maintain law and order
- To provide public goods and services
- To regulate economic activity
The state is also responsible for the conduct of foreign affairs. It represents its citizens in international organizations and negotiates treaties with other states.
The state is a complex institution, and its functions are often debated. However, there is no doubt that the state is a vital part of modern society.
(b) is a definition of a nation. A nation is a group of people who share a common culture, history, and language. They may or may not have their own state.
(c) is a definition of a society. A society is a group of people who live together in a community. They may or may not have their own government.
(d) is a definition of a government. A government is an organization that exercises authority over a territory and its people.