The correct answer is: d) All of the above
The rise of a new educated class, social reform movements, and the growth of Odia language and literature were all important factors in the development of Odisha in the 19th century.
The rise of a new educated class was a result of the spread of Western education in Odisha. This new class of educated people played a leading role in the social reform movements and the growth of Odia language and literature.
The social reform movements were aimed at improving the condition of women and the lower castes. These movements were successful in bringing about some positive changes in Odisha society.
The growth of Odia language and literature was another important development in the 19th century. This was due to the efforts of a number of talented writers and poets. The growth of Odia language and literature helped to promote a sense of Odia identity and pride.
In conclusion, the rise of a new educated class, social reform movements, and the growth of Odia language and literature were all important factors in the development of Odisha in the 19th century. These developments helped to improve the condition of Odisha society and promote a sense of Odia identity and pride.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- The rise of a new educated class: The spread of Western education in Odisha led to the rise of a new educated class. This new class of educated people played a leading role in the social reform movements and the growth of Odia language and literature.
- Social reform movements: The social reform movements were aimed at improving the condition of women and the lower castes. These movements were successful in bringing about some positive changes in Odisha society.
- Growth of Odia language and literature: The growth of Odia language and literature was another important development in the 19th century. This was due to the efforts of a number of talented writers and poets. The growth of Odia language and literature helped to promote a sense of Odia identity and pride.