The correct answer is (a). The Polar Code is an international code of safety for ships operating in polar waters. It was adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2014 and entered into force in 2017. The Polar Code sets out mandatory requirements for ships operating in polar waters, including requirements for hull strength, ice class, navigation equipment, and life-saving appliances. The Polar Code also includes provisions on environmental protection, such as requirements for the prevention of pollution from ships.
Option (b) is incorrect because the Polar Code is not an agreement of the countries around the North Pole regarding the demarcation of their territories in the polar region. The Arctic Council is an intergovernmental forum that works to promote cooperation among the Arctic states on issues of sustainable development and environmental protection. The Arctic Council has not reached an agreement on the demarcation of their territories in the polar region.
Option (c) is incorrect because the Polar Code is not a set of norms to be followed by the countries whose scientists undertake research studios in the North Pole and South Pole. The Arctic Council has developed a set of guidelines for scientific research in the Arctic, but these guidelines are not legally binding.
Option (d) is incorrect because the Polar Code is not a trade and security agreement of the member countries of the Arctic Council. The Arctic Council is an intergovernmental forum that works to promote cooperation among the Arctic states on issues of sustainable development and environmental protection. The Arctic Council has not reached an agreement on a trade and security agreement.