Marine energy or marine power (also sometimes referred to as ocean energy, ocean power, or marine and hydrokinetic energy) refers to the energy carried by ocean waves, tides, salinity, and ocean temperature differences. The movement of water in the world’s Oceans creates a vast store of kinetic energy, or energy in motion. Some of this energy can be harnessed to generate electricity to power homes, transport and industries.
The term marine energy encompasses both wave power i.e. power from Surface Waves, and tidal power i.e. obtained from the kinetic energy of large bodies of moving water. Offshore wind power is not a form of marine energy, as wind power is derived from the wind, even if the wind turbines are placed over water. The oceans have a tremendous amount of energy and are close to many if not most concentrated populations. Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new RENEWABLE ENERGY around the world.
Mineral resources in ocean
Oceans cover 70 percent of Earth’s surface, host a vast variety of geological processes responsible for the formation and concentration of mineral resources, and are the ultimate repository of many materials eroded or dissolved from the land surface. Hence, oceans contain vast quantities of materials that presently serve as major resources for humans. Today, direct extraction of resources is limited to salt; magnesium; placer gold, tin, titanium, and diamonds; and fresh water.
Marine food resources
Food from sea is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of mollusks ( clams), crustaceans (shrimps), and echinoderms ( sea urchins). Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been eaten as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. Edible sea Plants such as some Seaweeds and microalgae are widely eaten as sea vegetables around the world, especially in Asia. In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term “seafood” is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as “seafood”. For the sake of completeness, this ARTICLE is inclusive of all edible aquatic life.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is an area which is beyond, and is adjacent to, a given country’s territorial seas, and extends no more than 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) out from a country’s own coastlines. It can be seen that if the area for EEZ is overlapped and it is still less than 400 nautical miles, then it falls upon the respective states to delineate the actual boundaries of the coastlines. The area which is under the EEZ of a state gives them full rights to explore and exploit the marine resources in its adjacent continental shelf.
The concept of EEZ was initiated by Kenya in 1972 at the Geneva session of the UN Committee on Peaceful uses of Sea-bed and Ocean Floor Beyond the limits of National Jurisdiction. The EEZ finally found a place in the Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982. Since then, it has become a generally accepted institution of the law of the sea. In Tunisia vs Libya, it was stated that the concept of EEZ can be regarded as a part of customary laws.
Economic importance of EEZ
The EEZs have also got economic importance as they do not only set the boundaries, but are also the source of livelihood for many countries because of their Fisheries-2/”>Fisheries, natural gas reserves, and tourism. Even the shipping of goods also takes place through these zones from many other countries. The scientific importance of EEZs includes the carrying out of scientific research on varied marine creatures, and the sampling of the seabeds for oil and natural gas purposes which can also be carried out therein. Every country has been given the right to safeguard their territorial waters, but if some countries wish to explore the resources, then they have to enter into a bilateral agreement with the respective neighboring country.
Economic importance of EEZ for india
The Indian peninsula juts 1,980 km into the Indian Ocean with 50% of the Indian Ocean basin lying within a 1500 km radius of India, a reality that has strategic implications. Between the Gulf of Aden and Malacca Strait, is seen as India’s sphere of influence. India is one of very few countries in the world to have developed the technology to extract Minerals from the deep sea bed. Under the law of the sea, by adding up the sea waterways comprising territorial zone of 20 km, contiguous zone 40 km, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 320 km, India has exclusive rights to explore mineral wealth in an area of 150,000 square km in the Indian Ocean.
India imports 70 % of its oil requirements, 4000 tankers come to Indian Ports annually and almost 95 % of Indian trade moves by sea. Any interference to our sea lanes, coastal offshore areas and ports, will have a crippling impact on the country’s economic Growth. Almost 3.5 million Indians work in Gulf countries and it is in India’s interest to ensure that the Environment in Gulf remains stable The IO is a critical waterway for global Trade and Commerce. This strategic expanse hosts heavy international maritime traffic that includes half of the world’s containerized cargo, one third of its bulk cargo and two third of its oil shipment. Its waters carry heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia, and contain an estimated 40% of the world’s offshore oil production. In addition to providing precious minerals and energy source, the ocean’s fish are of great importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export.
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Marine resources are the resources that are found in the ocean. These resources include fish, shellfish, seaweed, oil, gas, and minerals. Marine resources are important to the global economy and to the environment.
Aquaculture is the farming of fish, shellfish, and other aquatic animals. Aquaculture is a growing Industry, and it is a major source of food for people around the world. Aquaculture can be done in freshwater or saltwater, and it can be done in ponds, tanks, or cages.
Coastal management is the process of planning and managing the use of coastal areas. Coastal areas are important for many reasons, including their economic value, their environmental value, and their cultural value. Coastal management can help to protect coastal areas from development, pollution, and other threats.
Fisheries are the activities of catching and harvesting fish and other aquatic animals. Fisheries are an important part of the global economy, and they provide food for people around the world. Fisheries can be done in freshwater or saltwater, and they can be done by commercial or recreational fishermen.
Marine conservation is the protection of marine resources and Ecosystems. Marine conservation is important because marine resources are essential to the global economy and to the environment. Marine conservation can be done through a variety of methods, including Education, research, and law enforcement.
Marine energy is energy that is generated from the ocean. Marine energy is a renewable resource, and it has the potential to provide a significant amount of energy to the world. Marine energy can be generated from waves, tides, currents, and salinity gradients.
Marine pollution is the contamination of the ocean by human activities. Marine pollution can have a devastating impact on marine life, and it can also pose a threat to human Health. Marine pollution can be caused by a variety of sources, including oil spills, sewage discharges, and industrial waste.
Marine science is the study of the ocean and its resources. Marine science is a multidisciplinary field, and it includes the study of biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and Oceanography. Marine science is important because it helps us to understand the ocean and its resources, and it helps us to develop sustainable practices for using marine resources.
Oceanography is the study of the ocean. Oceanography is a multidisciplinary field, and it includes the study of the ocean’s physical properties, chemistry, biology, geology, and history. Oceanography is important because it helps us to understand the ocean and its role in the Earth’s Climate system.
Seabed mining is the extraction of minerals from the seabed. Seabed mining is a controversial issue, and it is not yet clear whether it can be done in a sustainable way. Seabed mining could have a significant impact on marine ecosystems, and it could also pose a threat to human health.
Sustainable seafood is seafood that is caught or farmed in a way that does not harm the environment or the marine ecosystem. Sustainable seafood is important because it helps to ensure that there will be a healthy supply of seafood for future generations. Sustainable seafood can be certified by a variety of organizations, including the Marine Stewardship Council and the Aquaculture Stewardship Council.
Tidal energy is energy that is generated from the tides. Tidal energy is a renewable resource, and it has the potential to provide a significant amount of energy to the world. Tidal energy can be generated by using turbines to capture the energy of the tides.
Wave energy is energy that is generated from waves. Wave energy is a renewable resource, and it has the potential to provide a significant amount of energy to the world. Wave energy can be generated by using devices to capture the energy of the waves.
Marine resources are essential to the global economy and to the environment. Marine resources are threatened by a variety of factors, including pollution, overfishing, and Climate Change. It is important to protect marine resources so that they can continue to provide benefits to people and the planet.
What are the different types of marine resources?
Marine resources can be divided into two main categories: living resources and non-living resources. Living resources include fish, shellfish, algae, and marine mammals. Non-living resources include oil and gas, sand and gravel, and minerals.
What are the benefits of marine resources?
Marine resources provide us with food, jobs, and economic opportunities. They also play an important role in the health of our planet. For example, fish and shellfish are a good source of protein and other nutrients. Marine ecosystems help to regulate the climate and protect our coastlines from erosion.
What are the challenges facing marine resources?
Marine resources are facing a number of challenges, including overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Overfishing is the removal of fish from the ocean at a rate that is faster than they can reproduce. Pollution can come from a variety of sources, including sewage, oil spills, and runoff from farms and factories. Climate change is causing the ocean to become warmer and more acidic, which is harming marine life.
What can we do to protect marine resources?
There are a number of things we can do to protect marine resources, including:
Reducing our reliance on seafood
Reducing pollution
Supporting sustainable fisheries
Investing in marine conservation
Educating others about the importance of marine resources
What is the future of marine resources?
The future of marine resources depends on the choices we make today. If we continue to overfish, pollute, and damage the ocean, marine resources will be in serious jeopardy. However, if we take steps to protect and conserve marine resources, they can continue to provide us with food, jobs, and economic opportunities for generations to come.
Which of the following is not a marine resource?
(A) Fish
(B) Oil
(C) Sand
(D) Water
Which of the following is the most important marine resource?
(A) Fish
(B) Oil
(C) Sand
(D) Water
Which of the following is the most threatened marine resource?
(A) Fish
(B) Oil
(C) Sand
(D) Water
What is the main cause of the decline in marine resources?
(A) Overfishing
(B) Pollution
(C) Climate change
(D) All of the above
What can be done to protect marine resources?
(A) Reduce overfishing
(B) Reduce pollution
(C) Reduce climate change
(D) All of the above
What is the impact of overfishing on marine ecosystems?
(A) It reduces the number of fish, which can lead to the collapse of the ecosystem.
(B) It can lead to the extinction of species.
(C) It can damage the marine environment.
(D) All of the above
What is the impact of pollution on marine ecosystems?
(A) It can kill marine life.
(B) It can damage the marine environment.
(C) It can make the marine environment unsafe for humans.
(D) All of the above
What is the Impact Of Climate Change on marine ecosystems?
(A) It can cause the sea level to rise, which can inundate coastal areas.
(B) It can cause the ocean to become more acidic, which can harm marine life.
(C) It can cause changes in the distribution of marine life.
(D) All of the above
What can be done to reduce overfishing?
(A) Implement catch limits.
(B) Create marine Protected Areas.
(C) Promote sustainable fishing practices.
(D) All of the above
What can be done to reduce pollution?
(A) Reduce the amount of waste that is produced.
(B) Recycle and reuse materials.
(C) Properly dispose of waste.
(D) All of the above
What can be done to reduce climate change?
(A) Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
(B) Invest in renewable energy sources.
(C) Protect forests.
(D) All of the above
What is the importance of marine ecosystems?
(A) They provide food and livelihoods for millions of people.
(B) They help to regulate the climate.
(C) They provide a home for a wide variety of marine life.
(D) All of the above
What is the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems?
(A) They can cause the decline of marine life.
(B) They can damage the marine environment.
(C) They can make the marine environment unsafe for humans.
(D) All of the above
What can be done to protect marine ecosystems?
(A) Reduce pollution.
(B) Reduce overfishing.
(C) Create marine protected areas.
(D) All of the above
What is the future of marine ecosystems?
(A) They are in danger of collapse if we do not take action to protect them.
(B) They have a bright future if we take action to protect them.
(C) It is impossible to say what the future holds for marine ecosystems.
(D) All of the above