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The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilization, was a Bronze Age civilization in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the Old World.
The Indus Valley Civilization was centered on the Indus River basin in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India. The civilization extended to the Ghaggar-Hakra River in the west, to the Yamuna River in the east, to the Arabian Sea in the south, and to the Himalayas in the north.
The Indus Valley Civilization was a highly developed civilization with a complex urban structure. The cities were well-planned with streets laid out in a grid pattern. The houses were made of mud bricks and had bathrooms and indoor plumbing. The Indus Valley Civilization also had a sophisticated system of writing, which has not yet been deciphered.
The Indus Valley Civilization was a major center of Trade and Commerce. The people of the Indus Valley traded with other civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Central Asia. They traded in goods such as metals, gems, and textiles.
The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1900 BCE. The reasons for the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization are not fully understood, but it may have been due to a combination of factors such as Climate change, invasion, or internal conflict.
The Indus Valley Civilization was a remarkable civilization that made significant contributions to the development of human culture. The people of the Indus Valley were skilled in architecture, engineering, and urban planning. They also developed a sophisticated system of writing and a complex system of trade. The Indus Valley Civilization was a major center of culture and Learning, and its influence can still be seen in the cultures of South Asia today.
The following are some of the major monuments of the Indus Valley Civilization:
- Mohenjo-daro: Mohenjo-daro is one of the most important archaeological sites of the Indus Valley Civilization. It is located in the Larkana district of Sindh, Pakistan. Mohenjo-daro was a major city of the Indus Valley Civilization, and it is estimated to have had a Population of over 40,000 people. The city was well-planned, with streets laid out in a grid pattern. The houses were made of mud bricks and had bathrooms and indoor plumbing. Mohenjo-daro also had a large public bath, which is one of the most well-known features of the city.
- Harappa: Harappa is another important archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization. It is located in the Sahiwal district of Punjab, Pakistan. Harappa was also a major city of the Indus Valley Civilization, and it is estimated to have had a population of over 20,000 people. The city was well-planned, with streets laid out in a grid pattern. The houses were made of mud bricks and had bathrooms and indoor plumbing. Harappa also had a large public bath, which is similar to the one at Mohenjo-daro.
- Dholavira: Dholavira is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, India. Dholavira was a major city of the Indus Valley Civilization, and it is estimated to have had a population of over 10,000 people. The city was well-planned, with streets laid out in a grid pattern. The houses were made of mud bricks and had bathrooms and indoor plumbing. Dholavira also had a large public bath, which is similar to the ones at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.
- Rakhigarhi: Rakhigarhi is an archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization located in the Hisar district of Haryana, India. Rakhigarhi is the largest city of the Indus Valley Civilization, and it is estimated to have had a population of over 100,000 people. The city was well-planned, with streets laid out in a grid pattern. The houses were made of mud bricks and had bathrooms and indoor plumbing. Rakhigarhi also had a large public bath, which is similar to the ones at Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, and Dholavira.
The Indus Valley Civilization was a major center of culture and learning, and its influence can still be seen in the cultures of South Asia today. The people of the Indus Valley were skilled in architecture, engineering, and urban planning. They also developed a sophisticated system of writing and a complex system of trade. The Indus Valley Civilization was a remarkable civilization that made significant contributions to the development of human culture.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the Major Monuments of Ancient Period for RAS/RTS (Rajasthan) Prelims and Mains Examination:
- What are the major monuments of ancient period in Rajasthan?
The major monuments of ancient period in Rajasthan are:
- The Mehrangarh Fort in Jodhpur
- The Hawa Mahal in Jaipur
- The City Palace in Udaipur
- The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur
- The Amber Fort in Jaipur
- The Ranakpur Jain Temple in Pali district
- The Dilwara Jain Temples in Mount Abu
- The Kumbhalgarh Fort in Rajsamand district
- The Chittorgarh Fort in Chittorgarh district
- The Jaisalmer Fort in Jaisalmer district
- The Ranthambore Fort in Sawai Madhopur district
- The Ajmer Fort in Ajmer district
- The Fatehpur Sikri in Agra district
- The Taj Mahal in Agra district
- The Red Fort in Delhi
- The Qutub Minar in Delhi
- The Humayun’s Tomb in Delhi
- The Agra Fort in Agra district
- The Sikandra Tomb in Agra district
- The Fatehpur Sikri in Agra district
- The Jama Masjid in Delhi
- The Lotus Temple in Delhi
- The Akshardham Temple in Delhi
- The Gurudwara Bangla Sahib in Delhi
- The Jama Masjid in Agra
- The Agra Fort in Agra
- The Sikandra Tomb in Agra
- The Fatehpur Sikri in Agra
- The Jama Masjid in Delhi
- The Lotus Temple in Delhi
- The Akshardham Temple in Delhi
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The Gurudwara Bangla Sahib in Delhi
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When were these monuments built?
The Mehrangarh Fort was built in the 15th century.
The Hawa Mahal was built in the 18th century.
The City Palace was built in the 16th century.
The Jantar Mantar was built in the 18th century.
The Amber Fort was built in the 16th century.
The Ranakpur Jain Temple was built in the 15th century.
The Dilwara Jain Temples were built in the 11th century.
The Kumbhalgarh Fort was built in the 15th century.
The Chittorgarh Fort was built in the 7th century.
The Jaisalmer Fort was built in the 12th century.
The Ranthambore Fort was built in the 10th century.
The Ajmer Fort was built in the 12th century.
The Fatehpur Sikri was built in the 16th century.
The Taj Mahal was built in the 17th century.
The Red Fort was built in the 17th century.
The Qutub Minar was built in the 13th century.
The Humayun’s Tomb was built in the 16th century.
The Agra Fort was built in the 16th century.
The Sikandra Tomb was built in the 17th century.
The Fatehpur Sikri was built in the 16th century.
The Jama Masjid was built in the 17th century.
The Lotus Temple was built in the 1980s.
The Akshardham Temple was built in the 2000s.
The Gurudwara Bangla Sahib was built in the 17th century.
- Who built these monuments?
The Mehrangarh Fort was built by Rao Jodha, the founder of the Jodhpur state.
The Hawa Mahal was built by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh.
The City Palace was built by Maharaja Man Singh I.
The Jantar Mantar was built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II.
The Amber Fort was built by Raja Man Singh I.
The Ranakpur Jain Temple was built by Dharana Shah, a Jain merchant.
The Dilwara Jain Temples were built by Vimal Shah and his son, Vastupal Shah, two Jain merchants.
The Kumbhalgarh Fort was built by Rana Kumbha, the ruler of Mewar.
The Chittorgarh Fort was built by Rana Hamir Singh, the ruler of Mewar.
The Jaisalmer Fort was built by Rawal Jaisal, the founder of the Jaisalmer state.
The Ranthambore Fort was built by Hammira Dev, the ruler of Ranthambore.
The Ajmer Fort was built by Prithviraj Chauhan, the ruler of Ajmer.
The Fatehpur Sikri was built by Akbar, the Mughal emperor.
The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor.
The Red Fort was built by Shah Jahan
Question 1
Which of the following is not a major monument of the ancient period in Rajasthan?
(A) The Hawa Mahal
(B) The Mehrangarh Fort
(C) The Jaisalmer Fort
(D) The Akshardham Temple
Answer
(D)
The Akshardham Temple is a Hindu temple located in New Delhi, India. It was built in 2005 and is one of the largest Hindu temples in the world. The temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and is a popular tourist destination.
Question 2
Which of the following is the oldest major monument of the ancient period in Rajasthan?
(A) The Hawa Mahal
(B) The Mehrangarh Fort
(C) The Jaisalmer Fort
(D) The Ranakpur Jain Temple
Answer
(D)
The Ranakpur Jain Temple is a Jain temple complex located in Ranakpur, Rajasthan, India. It was built in the 15th century and is one of the largest and most important Jain temples in the world. The temple complex is dedicated to Tirthankara Adinath and is a popular tourist destination.
Question 3
Which of the following is the most famous major monument of the ancient period in Rajasthan?
(A) The Hawa Mahal
(B) The Mehrangarh Fort
(C) The Jaisalmer Fort
(D) The Taj Mahal
Answer
(C)
The Jaisalmer Fort is a fort located in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India. It was built in the 12th century and is one of the largest and most impressive forts in India. The fort is a popular tourist destination and is known for its golden sandstone walls.
Question 4
Which of the following is the most visited major monument of the ancient period in Rajasthan?
(A) The Hawa Mahal
(B) The Mehrangarh Fort
(C) The Jaisalmer Fort
(D) The Akshardham Temple
Answer
(A)
The Hawa Mahal is a palace located in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It was built in the 18th century and is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Jaipur. The palace is known for its intricate facade and is a popular spot for photography.
Question 5
Which of the following is the most expensive major monument of the ancient period in Rajasthan?
(A) The Hawa Mahal
(B) The Mehrangarh Fort
(C) The Jaisalmer Fort
(D) The Taj Mahal
Answer
(D)
The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, India. It was built in the 17th century by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as “the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world’s heritage”.