Labour Welfare

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Labour Welfare – problems and issues

Land is an indispensable but a passive factor production in economics. No production is possible without the use of labour. We cannot expect any production without labour i.e., why it is said to be an indispensable and active factor of production. Labour is one of the main factors which constitute the material foundation of Society.

In agriculture, labour problems do not arise because of the presence of cooperative mentality. Workers and owners of means of production work together with a sense of cooperation and therefore they do not think in terms of their exact share and the exploitation in the hands of the owners. In agricultural sector mainly family farming prevails where everybody thinks in terms of contributing towards production.

Even if some of the person is removed from this sector, the production remains unaltered and therefore total production is same and the problem of disguised Unemployment is faced by this sector. It means agricultural sector does not realise labor problems, however they crop in the system itself.

The labour ratio being higher, agricultural holdings have become very small and uneconomic. All these factors have brought a radical change in the agrarian Indian Society. Consequently various problems are arising out of the new situation e.g. the problem of unemployment; social security and industrial relations etc. are the outcomes of the process of industrialisation.

Wages

Wages are a payment for the service of labour, whether mental or physical. Though in an ordinary language an office executive a minister or a teacher is said to receive a salary, a lawyer or a doctor a fee, and a skilled or unskilled worker a wage, yet in economics no such distinctions are made for different Services and all of them are said to receive a wage.

Wages in India are very low. A thorough analysis of the index number of cost of living, Money and real earning, may reveal the right of the workers. Effort were made to ameliorate the grievances of workers and the British Government appointed a commission to go into the matters of labour the commission (Royal Commission) suggested exploring the possibilities for fixing up machinery which can look into the matter of the wages but due to certain administrative difficulties the idea was dropped. After Independence, the Minimum Wage Act was passed in 1948 and this Act has been amended subsequently from time to time.

Unionism

The trade union is a unique organisation in that it explicit, indeed sole, purpose is to protest. The basic fact that has to be firmly grasped is that trade unionism is a system of opposition and not of government, and that unions cannot be responsible for managing anything except their own internal affairs.

Trade Unions exist to oppose exploitation in such diverse organisations as factories, Banking and insurance companies, government bureaucracies, universities, research institutions and even cooperatives. Inequality is universal to the distribution of money and power in modern industrial society.

Of course, some organisations are economically and politically more exploitative than others. Trade unions have a number of methods open to them to go about the job of protecting against inequality and ensuring a more egalitarian distribution of economic gain and political power. They may negotiate with the management the terms and conditions under which their members are employed.

They may bring pressure to bear on the government to enact legislation that will ensure a better deal to working men. But their most important weapon, and one which unions have fiercely clung to throughout their history, is the collective withdrawal of labour, otherwise called the strike.

The collective withdrawal of labour would be meaning less if the employer were permitted to get others to do the job of striking men. Hence the reliance of unions on picketing, preventing the entry of black-logs and strike breakers of all kinds.  

Stated boldly disruption of normal industrial production and the provision of essential services is an inevitable consequence of the pursuit of legitimate trade union activity. Unions cannot protest except through disruption.

The problem of collective bargaining and industrial Democracy has become most complicated. It has generally found that no solution is equally acceptable to employers as well as to employees. There are strikes and lockouts on account of low wages, long working hours, bad working conditions, non-payment of dues and bonus, absence of security of EMPLOYMENT, absence of medical aid and victimization

Employment Security

Lod Keynes diagnosed unemployment in advanced economies to be the result of a deficiency of effective demand. It implied that in such economies machines become idle and demand for labour falls because the demand for the products of Industry is no longer there.

Thus Keynesian remedies of unemployment naturally concentrated on measures to keep the level of effective demand sufficiently high so that the economic machine does not slacken the production of goods and services. This type of unemployment caused by economic fluctuations did arise in India during the depression of thirties which caused untold misery.

But with the Growth of Keynesian remedies, it has been possible to mitigate cyclical unemployment. Similarly after the Second World War, when wartime industries were being closed there was a good deal of Frictional Unemployment caused by retrenchment.

These workers were to be absorbed in peace time industries. The process of rationalisation also causes displacement of labour. But more serious than cyclical unemployment or frictional unemployment in an underdeveloped economy like India is the prevalence of chronic under-employment or Disguised Unemployment in the rural sector and the existence of urban unemployment among the educated classes.

It would be worthwhile to emphasise here that unemployment in underdeveloped economies like India is not the result of deficiency of effective demand in the Keynesian sense, but a consequence of shortage of capital equipment or other complementary Resources.

Social Security

Social sufferings such as POVERTY, unemployment and disease are the Sound grounds for advocating the provisions of social security measures in India as national programme.  

Social security is a dynamic conception which is considered in all advanced countries of the world as an indispensable of the national programme with the development of the idea of the welfare state; it has been considered to be the most essential for the industrial workers, though it includes all sections of society.

Social security is that security which the society furnishes through appropriate organisation, against certain risks or contingencies to which its members are exposed. These risks are essentially contingencies, against which the individual cannot afford by his small means and by his ability or fore sight alone.

As the State stands for the general well-being of the people, it is the duty of the state to promote social security which may provide the citizens with benefits, designed to prevent or cure disease, to support him when he is not able to earn and to restore him the gainful activity.

 


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Labour welfare is a term used to describe the conditions under which workers are employed. It encompasses a wide range of issues, including safety, Health, compensation, and social security.

Accident prevention is one of the most important aspects of labour welfare. Employers have a responsibility to provide a safe working Environment for their employees. This includes taking steps to prevent accidents, such as providing proper training and equipment, and keeping the workplace clean and free of hazards.

Compensation is another important aspect of labour welfare. Employees who are injured on the job should be compensated for their injuries. This includes medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering.

Health and safety is another important aspect of labour welfare. Employers have a responsibility to provide a healthy and safe working environment for their employees. This includes providing proper ventilation, lighting, and sanitation. Employers should also provide training on how to prevent accidents and injuries.

Housing is another important aspect of labour welfare. Employees should have access to safe and affordable housing. Employers may provide housing for their employees, or they may provide financial assistance to help employees find housing.

Industrial relations is the relationship between employers and employees. Labour unions play an important role in industrial relations. They negotiate with employers on behalf of their members, and they represent their members in disputes with employers.

Labour inspection is the process of ensuring that employers are complying with labour laws. Labour inspectors visit workplaces to check for violations of labour laws. They may also investigate complaints from employees.

Leave is another important aspect of labour welfare. Employees should have the right to take paid leave, including sick leave, vacation leave, and parental leave.

Maternity protection is a set of laws that protect pregnant Women and new mothers. These laws typically require employers to provide paid maternity leave, and they may also prohibit employers from discriminating against pregnant women.

Occupational safety and health is the prevention of injuries and illnesses in the workplace. Employers have a responsibility to provide a safe working environment for their employees. This includes taking steps to prevent accidents, such as providing proper training and equipment, and keeping the workplace clean and free of hazards.

Social security is a System of Government programs that provide financial assistance to individuals who are unable to work due to age, disability, or unemployment. Social security programs can include retirement benefits, disability benefits, and unemployment benefits.

Training is another important aspect of labour welfare. Employees should have the opportunity to receive training to improve their skills and knowledge. This can help employees to advance in their careers and to earn higher wages.

Wages are another important aspect of labour welfare. Employees should be paid a fair wage for their work. This means that they should be paid a wage that is sufficient to meet their basic needs and to provide for their families.

Labour welfare is important for both employers and employees. Employers benefit from a healthy and productive workforce. Employees benefit from a safe and secure workplace. Labour welfare can help to improve productivity, reduce costs, and attract and retain employees.

What is Labour Welfare?

Labour welfare is a set of measures that are taken by the government and employers to improve the working conditions and standard of living of workers. It includes measures such as providing safe working conditions, providing social security benefits, and providing training and Education opportunities.

What are the benefits of Labour Welfare?

There are many benefits of labour welfare. Some of the benefits include:

What are the challenges of Labour Welfare?

There are some challenges associated with labour welfare. Some of the challenges include:

What are the best practices for Labour Welfare?

Some of the best practices for labour welfare include:

What are the future trends in Labour Welfare?

The future trends in labour welfare are likely to include:

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of labour welfare?

(A) Social security
(B) Health and safety
(C) Education and training
(D) Labour relations

Answer
(D) Labour relations is not a type of labour welfare. Labour relations is the study of the relationship between employers and employees. It includes topics such as collective bargaining, strikes, and arbitration.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a goal of labour welfare?

(A) To improve the working conditions of workers
(B) To protect the rights of workers
(C) To increase productivity
(D) To reduce costs

Answer
(D) To reduce costs is not a goal of labour welfare. Labour welfare is designed to improve the working conditions of workers and protect their rights. It is not intended to reduce costs.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a type of social security?

(A) Unemployment insurance
(B) Old-age pensions
(C) Disability insurance
(D) Health insurance

Answer
(C) Disability insurance is not a type of social security. Disability insurance is a type of social insurance that provides income replacement and medical benefits to workers who are unable to work due to a disability.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a type of health and safety measure?

(A) Providing safety equipment
(B) Training workers on safety procedures
(C) Conducting regular inspections
(D) Providing medical care

Answer
(D) Providing medical care is not a type of health and safety measure. Health and safety measures are designed to prevent accidents and injuries. Providing medical care is a type of health care measure.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a type of education and training program?

(A) Apprenticeship programs
(B) On-the-job training programs
(C) Classroom training programs
(D) Management development programs

Answer
(C) Classroom training programs are not a type of education and training program. Classroom training programs are a type of training program that is conducted in a classroom setting. Other types of education and training programs include apprenticeship programs, on-the-job training programs, and management development programs.

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