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(I)Preamble of the Indian Constitution (Secular, Democratic and SocialisO-Phtlosophy behind It
(II) Salient Features of the Indian Constitution. Concept of Public Interest Litigation; Basic structure of the Indian Constitution.
(III)Fundamental Rights & Duties
(i V) Directive Principles of the State Policy
(V) Union Government :
(a) Union Executive ; Powers And Functions Of President, Vice President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers : Functioning under a Coalition Government.
(b) Union Legislature : Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha: 0rgani7ation and Functions; Law making process; Parliamentary Committees; Parliament’s control over Executive; Privileges and immunities of Parliament and its Members
(c) Union Judiciary : The Supreme Court ; its role and powers– Justice/”>Principles Of Natural Justice & Rule of Law, Judicial Review and JudicialActivism
(V[) State Government
(a) State Executive : Powers And Functions Of Governor, Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers
(b) State Legislature : Organization, Powers and functions, with special reference to Jharkhand
(c)State Judiciary; High Court: Organization, Powers and functions; Subordinate Judiciary. and the Municipalities : Constitution, powers, The Panchayats functions and responsibilities with special reference to 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments
(VII)Centre-State Relationship:Administrative, Legislative and Financial .
(Vill) Provisions relating tu Administration of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribal Areas.
(IX)Special provisions relating to reservation of seats for S C and ST. in Legislature,Services etc
(X) Emergency Provisions of the Constitution
(XI)Comptroller & Auditor General of India (CAG) .
(XII)Election Commission of India
(XIII) Political Parties and Pressure Groups.,
The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India. It was adopted on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The Constitution provides for a parliamentary System of Government, with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. The Constitution also guarantees certain fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to Equality, the right to freedom, the right against exploitation, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.
The Constitution also contains a number of Directive Principles of State Policy, which are not enforceable in a court of law, but are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. These principles include the promotion of social justice, Economic Development, and Secularism-2/”>Secularism.
The Indian Constitution is a living document that has been amended a number of times since its adoption. The most recent amendment was the 104th Amendment, which was passed in 2019. The 104th Amendment provides for the appointment of a Chief Justice of India for a term of six years, instead of the previous five-year term.
The Indian Constitution is a remarkable document that has helped to shape the modern Indian nation. It is a symbol of unity and diversity, and it has provided a framework for Democracy and development in India.
The Indian political system is a parliamentary system of government. The President is the head of state, but the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament and the legislative assemblies of the states. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and must have the support of a majority of members in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament.
The Parliament of India is a bicameral legislature consisting of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is directly elected by the people, while the Rajya Sabha is indirectly elected by the members of the legislative assemblies of the states and the Union Territories.
The judiciary of India is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country, and it has the power to strike down laws that it deems to be unconstitutional. The Supreme Court also has the power to hear appeals from the High Courts of the states.
The Indian political system is a vibrant and dynamic one. It has been able to accommodate the diverse interests of the people of India and has helped to promote economic development and social justice.
Good Governance is the process of ensuring that government institutions are effective, efficient, and accountable to the people. It is about ensuring that government policies and programs are responsive to the needs of the people and that they are implemented in a fair and equitable manner.
Good governance is essential for Sustainable Development. It helps to create an Environment in which businesses can thrive and in which people can live in peace and security. It also helps to protect the environment and to promote social justice.
There are a number of key Elements of good governance. These include:
- Transparency: Government institutions should be transparent in their operations. This means that they should be open to public scrutiny and that they should make information available to the public.
- Accountability: Government officials should be accountable to the people. This means that they should be held responsible for their actions and that they should be subject to the scrutiny of the people.
- Participation: The people should have a say in the decisions that affect their lives. This means that they should be able to participate in the political process and that they should be able to hold government officials accountable.
- Rule of law: The government should be bound by the rule of law. This means that it should respect the rights of the people and that it should be subject to the same laws as everyone else.
- Efficiency: Government institutions should be efficient in their operations. This means that they should use Resources wisely and that they should deliver services in a timely and effective manner.
- Effectiveness: Government institutions should be effective in achieving their objectives. This means that they should be able to deliver services that meet the needs of the people and that they should be able to address the problems that the people face.
E-governance is the use of information and Communication technologies (ICT) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government services. It can help to make government more transparent, accountable, and responsive to the needs of the people.
E-governance can be used to deliver a wide range of services, including:
- Citizen services, such as online tax filing and passport applications
- Business services, such as online company registration and business license applications
- Government-to-government services, such as online procurement and financial management
- Government-to-citizen services, such as online Education and healthcare services
E-governance can help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government services by:
- Reducing the cost of delivering services
Indian Constitution
- What is The Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding principles and philosophy of the Constitution. It states that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, and that it aims to secure justice, Liberty, equality, and Fraternity for all its citizens.
- What are the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution?
The Fundamental Rights are the basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed to all citizens of India by the Constitution. They are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution and include the right to equality, the right to freedom, the right against exploitation, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies.
- What are the Directive Principles of State Policy?
The Directive Principles of State Policy are a set of principles that are laid down in Part IV of the Constitution. They are not enforceable by courts, but they are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. The Directive Principles are intended to guide the government in making laws and policies that will promote the welfare of the people.
- What are the features of the Indian Constitution?
The Indian Constitution is a Written Constitution, which means that it is a document that sets out the basic laws and principles of the government. It is also a federal constitution, which means that power is shared between the central government and the state governments. The Constitution is also a secular constitution, which means that it does not recognize any religion as the official religion of the country.
- What are the organs of the Indian government?
The three organs of the Indian government are the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. The executive is responsible for carrying out the laws of the country. The legislature is responsible for making laws. The judiciary is responsible for interpreting the laws and deciding cases.
Political System & Governance
- What is democracy?
Democracy is a form of government in which the people hold power. This means that the people have the right to choose their leaders and to participate in the decision-making process.
- What are the different types of democracy?
There are two main types of democracy: Direct Democracy and representative democracy. In direct democracy, the people directly participate in the decision-making process. In representative democracy, the people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.
- What are the advantages of democracy?
Democracy has many advantages. It is a system that is based on the Consent of the people. It is also a system that is accountable to the people. Democracy promotes equality and justice. It also promotes peace and stability.
- What are the disadvantages of democracy?
Democracy also has some disadvantages. It can be a slow and inefficient system. It can also be a system that is open to Corruption. Democracy can also be a system that is unstable.
- What are the challenges of democracy?
Democracy faces many challenges. One challenge is that it can be difficult to get people to participate in the democratic process. Another challenge is that democracy can be easily manipulated by those in power. Democracy can also be difficult to maintain in times of crisis.
Governance
- What is governance?
Governance is the process of managing a country or organization. It involves the exercise of power and authority to make decisions and to implement those decisions.
- What are the different types of governance?
There are many different types of governance. Some common types of governance include democracy, Dictatorship, Monarchy, and Oligarchy.
- What are the principles of good governance?
There are many principles of good governance. Some common principles include transparency, accountability, participation, rule of law, and responsiveness.
- What are the challenges of good governance?
There are many challenges to good governance. Some common challenges include corruption, POVERTY, inequality, and conflict.
- What are the benefits of good governance?
There are many benefits to good governance. Some common benefits include economic Growth, social development, and peace and stability.
1. The President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of:
(a) Members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States
(b) Members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Union Territories
(c) Members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Legislative Councils of the States
(d) Members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Legislative Councils of the States and the National Capital Territory of Delhi
2. The Vice-President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of:
(a) Members of both Houses of Parliament
(b) Members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States
(c) Members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Union Territories
(d) Members of both Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Legislative Councils of the States
3. The Prime Minister of India is appointed by the:
(a) President of India
(b) Vice-President of India
(c) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) Chief Justice of India
4. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the:
(a) President of India
(b) Lok Sabha
(c) Rajya Sabha
(d) Supreme Court of India
5. The Supreme Court of India consists of:
(a) The Chief Justice of India and not more than 30 other judges
(b) The Chief Justice of India and not more than 25 other judges
(c) The Chief Justice of India and not more than 20 other judges
(d) The Chief Justice of India and not more than 15 other judges
6. The High Court of a State consists of:
(a) The Chief Justice of the State and not more than 10 other judges
(b) The Chief Justice of the State and not more than 15 other judges
(c) The Chief Justice of the State and not more than 20 other judges
(d) The Chief Justice of the State and not more than 25 other judges
7. The Parliament of India consists of:
(a) The President of India and the two Houses of Parliament, namely, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
(b) The President of India and the one House of Parliament, namely, the Lok Sabha
(c) The Vice-President of India and the two Houses of Parliament, namely, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha
(d) The Vice-President of India and the one House of Parliament, namely, the Lok Sabha
8. The Lok Sabha is elected by:
(a) The people of India
(b) The members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States
(c) The members of the Legislative Councils of the States
(d) The members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Legislative Councils of the States
9. The Rajya Sabha is composed of:
(a) 238 members elected by the members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States
(b) 238 members elected by the members of the Legislative Councils of the States
(c) 238 members elected by the members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States and the Legislative Councils of the States
(d) 250 members, 12 nominated by the President and 238 elected by the members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States
10. The Finance Commission is constituted by the President every:
(a) Five years
(b) Four years
(c) Three years
(d) Two years
11. The Election Commission is constituted by the President every:
(a) Five years
(b) Four years
(c) Three years
(d) Two years
12. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India is appointed by the:
(a) President of India
(b) Vice-President of India
(c) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) Chief Justice of India
13. The Attorney-General of India is appointed by the:
(a) President of India
(b) Vice-President of India
(c) Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(d) Chief Justice of India
14. The National Human Rights Commission is constituted by the:
(a) President of India
(b) Vice-President of India
(c) Prime Minister of India
(d) Chief Justice of India
**15. The National