<–2/”>a >1- 4th India-Africa Hydrocarbon Confrence
2- 14th Council of Head of Nations of Sanghai Coperation Organization
3- 104th International Labour Confrence
4- Asia-Pacific Economic Coperation Confrence
5- Paris Confrence on Climate Change
6- Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting(CHOGM), 2015
7- 10th Confrence of G-20
8- Heart of Asia- Istanbul Process Confrence
9- 3rd- India- Africa Confrence
10- 70th Meeting of United Nation General Assembly
11- 27th Submit of ASEAN
12- BRICS Submit 2015
13- Sanghai Coperation Organization Confrence
14- 41st Meeting of G-7
15- 19th International Child Film Festival India
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International treaties and summits are important tools for promoting cooperation and resolving conflict between nations. Treaties are formal agreements between two or more countries, while summits are meetings of heads of state or government. Both treaties and summits can have a significant impact on the course of history.
Some of the most important international treaties include the 1947 Paris Peace Treaties, which ended World War II in Europe; the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which set forth the basic rights and freedoms of all people; the 1949 Geneva Conventions, which establish international humanitarian law; the 1951 Refugee Convention, which protects refugees from persecution; and the 1954 Geneva Accords, which ended the First Indochina War.
Some of the most important international summits include the 1945 Yalta Conference, which was held to discuss the post-war settlement in Europe; the 1946 Potsdam Conference, which was held to discuss the future of Germany; the 1955 Geneva Summit, which was the first meeting between the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom; the 1961 Vienna Summit, which was the first meeting between the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union since the Cuban Missile Crisis; the 1967 Glassboro Summit, which was the first meeting between the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union since the Six-Day War; the 1972 Moscow Summit, which was the first meeting between the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union since the Vietnam War; the 1973 Washington Summit, which was held to discuss the Middle East peace process; the 1974 Vladivostok Summit, which was held to discuss the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT); and the 1975 Helsinki Summit, which was held to discuss European security and cooperation.
Treaties and summits can be effective tools for promoting cooperation and resolving conflict between nations. However, they can also be difficult to negotiate and implement. In some cases, treaties have been broken or summits have failed to produce any meaningful results. Nevertheless, treaties and summits remain an important part of the international system.
The following are some of the key benefits of international treaties and summits:
- They can help to resolve conflict. Treaties and summits can provide a forum for countries to discuss their differences and find common ground. This can help to prevent conflict from escalating into violence.
- They can promote cooperation. Treaties and summits can help countries to work together on common goals, such as reducing POVERTY, protecting the Environment, and fighting terrorism.
- They can build trust and understanding between countries. Treaties and summits can provide opportunities for leaders from different countries to meet and get to know each other. This can help to build trust and understanding, which is essential for cooperation.
- They can create a framework for action. Treaties and summits can establish specific goals and objectives that countries can work towards. This can help to ensure that countries are taking concrete steps to address common challenges.
However, there are also some potential drawbacks to international treaties and summits:
- They can be difficult to negotiate. Treaties and summits often require the agreement of many different countries. This can make it difficult to reach consensus on a final agreement.
- They can be difficult to implement. Even if a treaty or summit is successful in reaching an agreement, it can be difficult to implement that agreement in practice. This is often due to a lack of Resources, political will, or technical expertise.
- They can be ineffective. In some cases, treaties and summits have failed to produce any meaningful results. This can be due to a number of factors, such as a lack of commitment from participating countries, unrealistic goals, or unforeseen circumstances.
Despite these potential drawbacks, international treaties and summits remain an important part of the international system. They can be effective tools for promoting cooperation and resolving conflict between nations. However, it is important to be aware of the challenges involved in negotiating and implementing treaties and summits.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the topics of Indian Polity and Governance, Economic Development, and Foreign Policy for the RAS RTS Mains and RAS RTS Prelims Examination:
Indian Polity and Governance
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What is the Constitution of India?
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The Constitution provides for a parliamentary System of Government with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. -
What are the three main organs of the Indian government?
The three main organs of the Indian government are the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. The executive is headed by the Prime Minister, the legislature is headed by the President, and the judiciary is headed by the Justice-of-india/”>Chief Justice of India. -
What are the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India?
The fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India are the right to Equality, the right to freedom, the right against exploitation, the right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, the right to constitutional remedies, and the Right to Property. -
What are the Directive Principles of State Policy?
The directive principles of state policy are a set of principles that the government is supposed to follow in its policymaking. These principles are not enforceable in a court of law, but they are nevertheless important because they provide a framework for the government to work towards a just and equitable Society. -
What is the Federal System of Government?
The federal system of government is a system of government in which power is shared between the central government and the state governments. In India, the central government has power over matters such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency, while the state governments have power over matters such as Education, Health, and law and order. -
What is the Panchayati Raj system?
The Panchayati Raj system is a system of local self-government in India. It was introduced in 1992 with the objective of decentralizing power and involving the people in the decision-making process. The Panchayati Raj system consists of three tiers: the village panchayat, the block panchayat, and the district panchayat. -
What is the Electoral System of India?
The electoral system of India is a Multi-Party System. This means that there are many Political Parties that compete for seats in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. The party that wins the most seats in the Lok Sabha forms the government. -
What is the role of the President of India?
The President of India is the head of state of India. The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both houses of Parliament and the legislative assemblies of the states. The President has the power to appoint the Prime Minister and other members of the Council of Ministers, to dissolve Parliament, to give assent to bills passed by Parliament, and to declare war. -
What is the Role of the Prime Minister of India?
The Prime Minister of India is the head of government of India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is responsible to the Lok Sabha. The Prime Minister has the power to choose the members of the Council of Ministers, to preside over the meetings of the Council of Ministers, and to coordinate the work of the different ministries. -
What is the role of The Supreme Court of India?
The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in India. It has the power to interpret the Constitution of India and to decide cases that involve disputes between the central government and the state governments. The Supreme Court also has the power to strike down laws that it deems to be unconstitutional.
Economic Development
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What are the main features of the Indian economy?
The Indian economy is a Mixed Economy. This means that it has Elements of both a Capitalist Economy and a Socialist Economy. The private sector plays a major role in the Indian economy, but the government also plays a significant role in the economy through its ownership of public sector enterprises and its regulation of the private sector. -
What are the main challenges facing the Indian economy?
The main challenges facing the Indian economy are poverty, Unemployment, Inflation, and Corruption. Poverty is a major problem in India, with over 200 million people living below the Poverty Line. Unemployment is also a major problem, with over 100 million people unemployed. Inflation is a problem because it erodes the purchasing power of people’s incomes. Corruption is a problem because it slows down economic Growth and makes it difficult to do business in India. -
What are the main achievements of the Indian economy?
The main achievements of the Indian economy are rapid economic growth, poverty reduction, and improvement in the standard of living of the people
Question 1
The United Nations was founded in which year?
(A) 1945
(B) 1946
(C) 1947
(D) 1948
Answer
(A)
The United Nations was founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, Climate Change, Sustainable Development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, Gender Equality, governance, food production, and more.
Question 2
The headquarters of the United Nations is located in which city?
(A) New York City
(B) Geneva
(C) Vienna
(D) Nairobi
Answer
(A)
The United Nations Headquarters is located in New York City, on international territory. The land was donated by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and the building was designed by Wallace K. Harrison. The Headquarters was dedicated on October 24, 1952, and has been the home of the United Nations ever since.
Question 3
The current Secretary-General of the United Nations is
(A) António Guterres
(B) Ban Ki-moon
(C) Kofi Annan
(D) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Answer
(A)
António Guterres is the ninth and current Secretary-General of the United Nations. He was appointed on 13 October 2016 and took office on 1 January 2017. Guterres is a Portuguese politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002. He is the first Portuguese person to hold the position of Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Question 4
The United Nations Security Council has how many members?
(A) 15
(B) 10
(C) 5
(D) 2
Answer
(A)
The United Nations Security Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It is charged with maintaining international peace and security, and with that end to take preventive or enforcement action on the basis of Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The Security Council has 15 members, five of which are permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and ten of which are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms.
Question 5
The United Nations General Assembly has how many members?
(A) 193
(B) 192
(C) 191
(D) 190
Answer
(A)
The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It is composed of all 193 Member States of the United Nations. The General Assembly meets in regular sessions every year from September to December, and in special sessions as needed.
Question 6
The United Nations Economic and Social Council has how many members?
(A) 54
(B) 34
(C) 27
(D) 15
Answer
(A)
The United Nations Economic and Social Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It is responsible for promoting international economic and social cooperation and development, and for coordinating the economic and social work of the United Nations and its specialized agencies. The Economic and Social Council has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly for three-year terms.
Question 7
The United Nations Trusteeship Council has how many members?
(A) 15
(B) 10
(C) 5
(D) 2
Answer
(D)
The United Nations Trusteeship Council is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. It was established in 1945 to oversee the administration of trust territories, which were territories that were not self-governing and were placed under the administration of a trusteeship agreement with the United Nations. The Trusteeship Council has two members, China and the United States.
Question 8
The United Nations International Court of Justice is located in which city?
(A) The Hague
(B) Geneva